Nā Mea Pale Uila Kūloko a me nā Mea Hana Piʻi: He aha ka ʻokoʻa?

1. Pilina ma waena o ka pale uila kūloko a me Palekana Piʻi

Palekana Uila Kūloko (LPS Kūloko):

He ʻāpana kēia o ka ʻōnaehana pale uila. Hoʻokomo pū ia i ka pilina equipotential no ka uila a/a i ʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale uila mai ka ʻōnaehana pale uila o waho.

Nā Hana Palekana Piʻi (SPM):

ʻO kēia nā hana i hana ʻia e pale i nā ʻōnaehana kūloko mai nā pulse electromagnetic uila (LEMP). ʻO SPM kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana pale uila holoʻokoʻa.

Wahi a ke Kiʻi 1 ma GB/T 21714.1, ʻo ka pale uila piha e komo pū ana me ka ʻŌnaehana Pale Uila (LPS) a me nā Ana Pale Surge (SPM). Ua uhi ʻia ka pale Surge (SPM) ma GB/T 21714.4, ʻoiai ʻo ka pale uila kūloko he ʻāpana o ka LPS (e komo pū ana me nā ʻāpana o waho a me loko), a ua wehewehe ʻia ma GB/T 21714.3.

Kiʻi 1 - Pilina ma waena o nā ʻāpana o GB/T 21714

2. Kumu o ka Pale Uila Kūloko a me Palekana Piʻi

2.1 IEC 1024-1:1990

Ma IEC 1024-1:1990, "Palekana o nā hale e kūʻē i ka uila - Māhele 1: Nā kumumanaʻo laulā", ʻo ka paukū 1.2.7 e wehewehe ana i ka Palekana Uila Kūloko e like me nā hana hou aʻe ma waho o ka ʻōnaehana pale uila o waho. Kōkua kēia mau hana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hopena electromagnetic o nā au uila i loko o ka wahi i pale ʻia. No laila, e like me IEC 1024-1:1990, ʻo ka LPS kūloko e komo pū me nā mea āpau koe wale nō ka LPS o waho - kahi e uhi pū ai i ka pale ʻana i nā pulse electromagnetic (LEMP).

2.2 IEC 62305-1:2006

I ka manawa o IEC 62305-1:2006, "Palekana mai ka uila - Māhele 1: Nā kumumanaʻo laulā" (paʻi 1), ua lilo nā wehewehena i mea kikoʻī loa:

3.42 ʻŌnaehana Pale Uila Kūloko (LPS): He ʻāpana o ka LPS i haku ʻia me ka hoʻopaʻa equipotential a/a i ʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale uila mai ka LPS o waho. 3.49 ʻŌnaehana Pale Uila LEMP (LPMS): He ʻōnaehana piha o nā ana e pale aku i nā ʻōnaehana kūloko mai nā pulse electromagnetic uila (LEMP).

Ua pani ka moʻo IEC 62305-1 a i 4:2006 i nā kūlana mua, e hoʻohui ana i kekahi mau palapala IEC TC81. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ia i ka wehewehe kahiko o ka LPS kūloko mai IEC 1024 i ʻelua ʻāpana: LPS kūloko a me LPMS (no ka pale ʻana iā LEMP). Ma IEC 62305-1:2024, ua kapa hou ʻia ʻo LPMS i Surge Protection Measures (SPM).

3 mau hana pale uila kūloko

He mea nui ka pale uila kūloko no kahi ʻōnaehana pale uila e hana pono ana. Inā ʻaʻohe pale kūloko i hoʻokomo ʻia, hiki i nā au uila e kahe ana ma o ka LPS waho a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻāpana alakaʻi ʻē aʻe o ka hale ke hana i nā huna ahi weliweli. Hiki i kēia mau huna ahi ke alakaʻi i nā ahi, nā ʻeha pilikino, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​hōʻino ʻana i ke kahua. Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻokoʻa o nā mamao hoʻokaʻawale, ua like ka pale kūloko ma nā pae pale uila āpau. Hiki ke loaʻa nā huna ahi ma waena o ka LPS waho a me nā ʻāpana aʻe: Nā hoʻonohonoho metala, nā ʻōnaehana kūloko o ka hale, nā ʻāpana alakaʻi waho a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​paipu i hoʻopili ʻia i ka hale i pale ʻia.

Wahi a nā kūlana, ʻo nā huna ahi e kū mai ana ma nā wahi pahū o ka hale i manaʻo ʻia he mea weliweli mau ia. I mea e pale ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā huna ahi, pono e hoʻohana ʻia kekahi o kēia mau ʻano hana: Equipotential bonding, a i ʻole; Electrical insulation ma waena o nā ʻāpana metala.

ʻO nā ana hoʻopaʻa equipotential (e nānā i ke Kiʻi 2) e komo pū me kēia:

ʻO nā alakaʻi hoʻopaʻa, hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā ʻaʻole hāʻawi nā pilina kūlohelohe i ka hoʻomau uila, e laʻa, ma ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana i ka wai a i ʻole nā ​​​​paipu hoʻomehana;

Nā Mea Palekana Piʻi (SPD), i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili pololei, e laʻa, no nā laina haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa; a

ʻO nā Isolated Spark Gaps (ISG), hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā alakaʻi hoʻopaʻa, e laʻa, no nā paipu pale cathodic a i ʻole nā ​​​​paipu kinoea.

Kiʻi 2

Hoʻopaʻa like-potential no pale uila Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano ma lalo nei e pili ana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka LPS waho:

LPS i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia: Hana ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma ka pae honua wale nō;

LPS i hoʻopili ʻia: Pono e hana ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma:

（1）Pae lua a i ʻole ka pae honua, a;

（2）ʻO kēlā me kēia wahi kahi i hiki ʻole ai ke hoʻokō ʻia ka mamao hoʻokaʻawale a i ʻole ka pale e pono ai.

LPS i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka uila: Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka pae honua, hiki ke hana ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopau ea a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea hoʻokele i lalo.

4 mau hana palekana no ke kahe ʻana o ka ea

Aia i loko o ka SPM kumu nā ʻāpana aʻe:

(1) Pūnaewele hoʻomoe honua a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana

Hoʻokele a hoʻopuehu ka ʻōnaehana hoʻohua honua i ke au uila me ka palekana i loko o ka lepo.

Hoʻemi ka pūnaewele hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻokoʻa hiki a hoʻemi i nā hopena o ke kahua magnetic.

(2) Pale uila a me nā uea kūpono

Hoʻemi ka pale ʻana i ka wahi i nā kahua magnetic i loko o ka LPZ i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā hahau uila pololei a i ʻole nā ​​hahau kokoke i ka hale, a kōkua i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i nā piʻi kūloko.

ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā uaea kūloko me nā uaea i pale ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​​​conduits e hōʻemi i nā piʻi i hoʻoulu ʻia.

ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana o nā uea kūloko e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā loop induction a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā piʻi kūloko. ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā laina waho ma ke kiko komo hale e hōʻemi ana hoʻi i nā piʻi i alakaʻi ʻia i loko o nā ʻōnaehana kūloko.

(3) ʻŌnaehana SPD i hoʻonohonoho ʻia

Hoʻopili ka ʻōnaehana SPD i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka hopena o nā piʻi o waho a me loko.

(4) Nā pilina hoʻokaʻawale

Hoʻemi nā ʻaoʻao hoʻokaʻawale i ka hopena o nā piʻi i alakaʻi ʻia ma nā laina e komo ana i ka LPZ.

Pono e hōʻoia mau ʻia ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka honua a me ka hoʻopaʻa equipotential, ʻoiai ma nā wahi komo hale - ma o ka pilina pololei a i ʻole ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i kēlā me kēia lawelawe conductive i kahi SPD ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hoʻopaʻa equipotential.

(5) Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana ʻōlelo aʻo hekili (TWS)

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka Paukū 7.1 o IEC 62305-1:2024 e hiki i ka hoʻāla ʻana i kahi TWS e like me IEC 62793 ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano he ana palekana ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lawelawe o waho, e kōkua ana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke alapine (frequency) o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana uila a me nā ʻōnaehana uila.

5 Hopena

ʻO nā hana o loko o ka ʻōnaehana e pale aku i nā ʻā ahi weliweli, me ka hoʻopili like ʻana o ka uila me ka SPD pae mua. Hoʻoponopono nui ka pale ʻana i nā ʻā e hoʻopilikia ana i nā ʻōnaehana kūloko, a pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā SPD i hoʻohana ʻia no kēia kumu me ka SPD pae mua, akā ʻaʻole e hoʻokomo i ka pae mua SPD ia iho.